The first-generation Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class (chassis code X156) debuted at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show as the brand's first entry into the premium subcompact SUV market. Built on the MFA modular front-wheel-drive platform shared with the W176 A-Class and CLA-Class, the X156 featured a sleek crossover-hatchback body with raised ride height, rugged lower-body plastic cladding, and functional roof rails.

Powertrains included turbocharged 1.6-liter and 2.0-liter inline-four gasoline engines (GLA 180, GLA 200, GLA 250) along with 1.5, 1.8, and 2.1-liter turbodiesels. Transmissions were offered as a six-speed manual or a 7G-DCT seven-speed dual-clutch automatic, with optional 4MATIC variable all-wheel drive. The high-performance Mercedes-AMG GLA 45 version packed up to 381 horsepower from a hand-built 2.0-liter turbo engine. A mid-cycle facelift in 2017 brought revised bumpers, updated LED headlights, and new interior trim options.